Reciprocated love (union with the other) is associated with fulfillment and ecstasy. Passionate love is a complex functional whole including appraisals or appreciations, subjective feelings, expressions, patterned physiological processes, action tendencies, and instrumental behaviors. It has been defined by Elaine Hatfield and Richard Rapson as “A state of intense longing for union with another. Passionate love (sometimes called “obsessive love, ” “infatuation, ” “lovesickness, ” “romantic love, ” or “being-in-love ”) is a powerful emotional state. DEFINITIONSīy the end of the twentieth century, however, scientists ’ attention had shifted to passionate love. Rubin argued that romantic love was made up of three elements: attachment, caring, and intimacy. ” Later, in 1973, Zick Rubin developed a more modern scale to measure romantic love versus friendship. It contained such items as: “When one is in love … one lives almost solely for the other. A popular scale at that time was Charles Hobart ’s “Romantic Love Scale ” (1958). In the early 1950s social psychologists focused on romantic love, attempting to discover if couples ’ attitudes toward romantic love had an impact on marital happiness and stability. These include: (1) Tales of idealized romantic love between two lovers (2) A dreamy, imaginative, cognitive state in which people imagine a perfect love relationship (3) A feeling of passionate love. Social psychologists have defined “romance ” in a variety of ways. GENETIC AND BIOLOGICAL BASES OF LOVE, LUST, AND ATTACHMENTĬULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN ROMANTIC ATTITUDES, FEELINGS, AND BEHAVIOR
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